Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)

Prelude to the Twentieth Century
Presentation 2 of 13

Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)
Thus Spake Zarathustra. Beyond Good and Evil.
Philosophy Plunges into the Superman's Psyche
Presented by Roger Weir
Thursday, July 12, 1984

Transcript:
(00:01):
July 12th, 1984, second lecture series of lectures by Roger were on the plan load for the 20th century. Tonight's like 18 44, 1900. And he wrote and beyond good and evil philosophy plunges into the Superman psyche.
(00:26):
There are some, who've been following the series for some time and are aware that last year we did a whole series in the 19th century, over at the Gnostic society on Hollywood Boulevard. So when you look at the program and you don't see some of the major figures of the 19th century is because we've already done them. And in fact, for those who were there for that series, if you recall, almost every single major figure that we took has been misunderstood in our time, marks has been misunderstood. Wagner has been misunderstood. Darwin has been misunderstood, and we must then draw some bottom line somewhere about our time. If all the major thinkers of the 19th century had been misunderstood in our time, there is something wrong with our time. There was something skewed about our idea of history and man, and indeed there is. And second, since the second world war, the skew is become more and more in tenuated.
(01:39):
So that courses like this are a necessity and they're not being given and the universities they're not being given any of the other metaphysical centers. There is no thinking that is being done today. And instead of acquiescing and our own demise, we must investigate and find the reasons and the origins for our own time for we are not mute and glorious. Melton's condemn to obscurity and anonymity will not accept that. So the lecture series that you have before you paleo to the 20th century is a specifically designed look at not the 19th century, but the jolt of lightning that came into the 19th century that ignited our own time. And so the first figure that we took last week, Soren Kierkegaard represents a breach with the past. He in fact, was the individual who illuminated for us more than any other figure of that time. The you're a background of Western history as it had developed the way in which mental systems had proliferated to the point to where a genius on the level of Hagen had codified the entire mentality of Western history in one grand sweeping system and had produced not the freedom that Hagle had suppose that he would produce, but exactly the opposite.
(03:31):
A kind of an intellectual Paul began to settle over the mentality of Europe so that by the late 1840s, almost all of Europe was emotionally in a cage, which it could not stand. And in country, after country in 1848, revolutions and revolts try to shatter this condition. They were all ineffectual because no one understood poignantly what was wrong. It was like a fairy tale where the disease was a spiritual disease and not a political disease. Although its origins were obscured, the effects everywhere were apparent. And so men revolted against the effects as they always do. And when you revolt against the effects you bring in the polarization that is latent in the unconscious and they worse tyranny comes into play.
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And that worst tyranny that emerged in the Europe following the revolutions of 1848 was the awakened pride and hoop race of the German people. And we come tonight to Friedrich nature who almost alone of his time understood the dynamite that had been released in the German. Conscious. In fact, the light character guard, Mike Schopenhauer never enjoyed the sale of his books in his lifetime. His greatest work thus spoke Zarathustra would not even be published by publishers. He had to put out an edition of 40 copies with his own money and mailed them out to friends. No one read it, but no one, it seems almost impossible for us in our own time. That's such a condition could happen. But the fact is, is that in our own time, the poignant critiques of our situation also go unread and unpublished.
(05:48):
We are forever suffering from the quandary that Arthur Schopenhauer discovered that his mother who wrote flamboyantly bad romantic novels, which sold in the hundreds of thousands. And he was known as the son of Joanna Schopenhauer, who was a no goodness who wrote weird books. And did it smile a lot and wasn't pleasant in company. And how can you like somebody like this go away. We all with Schopenhauer and Kierkegaard, we have just a foretaste of what is coming tonight because nature is in spades. What Schopenhauer and character car attempted to be for Kierkegaard is trying to tear up the texts of the past. Nutria has like a cannon shot that just blast the paper all over the face. Europe, UJA is the most peculiar individual. Okay. And he's one of the few 20th century men who occurred before our time. In fact, Nicha recognized any himself, the fact that he did not belong in his own time.
(07:05):
In fact, in his visionary outlook, towards the end of his capacity to envision himself in what we would term a rational terms, this is even enlarging the term rational. You Jay considered himself to be the prophet of man in his farthest evolutionary development, the farthest man or the overmatch, the Superman. And in fact, he will write in the last book that he was able to publish. And we will see the tragic conditions that have changed in the life of nature, which was supposed to have been the first volume of four, which was to bear the title, reevaluation of all values. It's usually misquoted as re evaluation, but the term is reevaluation to revaluate, to recalibrate all of the value systems of mankind and the first volume, which was published for the title of antichrist and in the forward nature writes, this book belongs to the very few, perhaps none of them is even living yet.
(08:28):
Possibly. They are the readers who understand my Zarathustra. How could I confound myself with those, for whom there are ears listening today? Only the day after tomorrow belongs to me. Nisha was born in October 15th, 1844. He was mistaken all his life for a Polish person. He looked Polish poles would come up to in various parts of Europe and begin speaking to him and each had his own autobiography, which is published. Um, and, uh, he is in a penguin classic. You say homo recounts, how he investigated his family to see whether he was just sprinkled with German German background. And yes, yes. Grandfather was a German Luther Lutheran pastor who had written some beautiful homey book, which was on the shelves of many Lutheran pastors. He was definitely of the German background and this became furniture, a talisman of pride and tragedy at the same time.
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And he attempted to turn himself inside, out to reveal that his German, us of what she was very proud should be transformed immediately into European ness because it was also very dangerous. He considered himself a test case, and it was one of the few men in history who consciously realized that he would not die, but that he would completely unravel in terms of his mental capacities in his physiological workings, a fate worse than death, for someone who prided himself upon clear thought and robust health all the way through niches writings, we find the use of the French word decadent, always saying that such and such an attitude or such and such a, um, view of life is decadent. Whereas his own position was one of something robust. He would later criticize his great inspirational friend and Ricard. Vokner talking to another friend of his. He would say, yes Bachner is very great, but I am here 6,000 feet above by Ruth. And the air is clear here. You can breathe. There was something robust here for you.
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So the contrast between a robust, healthy, clean outlook, he uses the words clean and cleanliness all the time, as opposed to something decorative. He was as a youngster being prepared for theology for the pastorate, probably the Lutheran pastorate. The family actually suffered when the father passed on in 1849, H was about five years old. And the diagnosis at the time was that his father had died from a softening of the brain Alisal phrase that stuck in the young boys mind. And later when he would have his own peculiar tragedy, it would echo in him again and again that his father had died at the softening of the brain. An unfortunate phrase, the mothers then incapacitated from raising nutria, his sister Elizabeth, just a few years. There's a difference in age between the two of them. So the mother moved in with the paternal grandmother and two maiden aunts so that the young nature was raised in a house of women. He had almost no contact with men and there was no father figure.
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And many people have made a great deal out of the relationship with Wagner, that Wagner was a father figure for nature. So let him be a father figure. There's nothing limiting in that. There are many younger men who find a, an ideal for themselves and someone they can admire. And at the time that Nietzsche will meet Rickard Wagner, he will be one of the lions of being raised in this house full of women. Nature was very often the frail little boy, the person who relied upon his, uh, inner agility with images and words to have his way. And actually when nature was entered into the university system at bond, he was entered in to become a Lutheran pastor. And following the family tradition, no one could have had a more quiet kind of a childhood. All the doilies were on the couches and all the dishes were, uh, nicely put away at night in the cup words.
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And it wasn't until he got to the university at bond that nature even began to recognize that there were other ways of life or other ways of being human. If someone wants a row, Jean Lissitzky wrote a book, four ways of being human, a great anthropological classic. It was at the university of bond that he ran into his first professor who actually began to open the world up to him. And the world that was being open to him was the world of classical ancient Greece. And one of nature's classmates, a man who became quite famous later on Irwin road day, we wrote a grant book called psyche, a study of ancient Greek mystery religion, which is still in print. I believe the professor's name was rich hill. And within a year of ritual moved to the university of Leipzig bond was very pedestrian. Leipsic was very adventurous academically so that the young nature and the young road went with professor Mitchell to the university of Leipzig.
(15:28):
They went along to continue their studies with him. And each year he wrote home and said, I'm not going to be a minister. I'm going to become a classical philologist that's the way they would have turned it in the journey of that day for nature, perceiving the grapes was a shock to his entire intellectual outlook, which meant also for someone like nature that his entire life was changed. Uprooted. He was always a highly integrated individual, someone for whom things intellectual were never distant from himself physiologically. He's also very sensitive. He was among other things, a very great poet and a lot of niches poems, which have not yet been true, translated into English. Uh, sure. It'd be a lot of neat chaise pros approximates the classic grand style of prose poetry. And of course some works like thus sparks it's Arthus DRA really are poems grand epic poems.
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So that nature was one of these individuals who simply could not be exposed to new ideas without also exposing his life energy. As he would say to this transformation, when he got there to the university of Leipzig, this would've been, um, probably in the late 1860s, early 1870. He was only there for about a year when one of the great German wars of the 19th century broke out one of the Prussian wars, 1870. And, uh, this was when the German army went in eventually all the way to Paris and seize the city of Paris from the commune of 18 70 18 71 nature was turned down because of his delicate health to be in the regular infantry. But he became an ambulance driver. There were no mechanical vehicles, there were horses and buggies and so forth. And in this episode, as an ambulance driver, Nicha found himself alone with six men who had come down with diphtheria and Che for days on end, nurse them alone, brought them all the way back to the lines where they could be taken care of, but nature himself suffered a grand impairment of his health. He also contracted diptheria. It was then that he discovered that convalescing for him took a long time that his body was actually very frail. And once it was ill, it took him a long time to come back. And he discovered in his convalescing that the reason for this was that his physiological system had been impaired in damage
(18:37):
For when he was very young. First in university, he had been taken by a friend to a thing house of ill repute and there the bashful young Lutheran pastors boy recounted later in the letter to a friend that the only living thing in the place seemed to be a piano to what she had gone and played some pieces. He had contracted
(19:06):
Syphilis
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And nature began to realize by the early 1870s, that there was something wrong with him physiologically from this illness. As the slow long progression of the illness went on, it would affect nature his life more and more. And he would finally become terminally insane in early 1889 and spend the last 11 years of his life, totally paralyzed mentally and physically, he would be just as we would culturally determined today, a basket case, the awareness of this massive condemnation of him physically led nature increasingly throughout the 1870s to try and become daring in an intellectual way to try and transcend the condition. And you can have this in quotation marks or capital C or however you wish to have it to transcend the condition which man is given on the earth. And each saw himself more and more as a test case as a particularly poignant individual who was selected out, he thought to himself, I must've been selected out. This is meaningful. It's not just happenstance. Therefore I will overcome the situation and in his desire to do this, he would write his series of books. The first book that he published and it came out on the last day of 1871, usually bears the date of 1872 was called the birth of tragedy. The birth of tragedy, the full title is the birth of tragedy from the spirit of music for what had happened.
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Nicha had gone to the university of Leipzig for the number of years that were required to gain his PhD. And even though he hadn't finished his doctorate thesis, a call came because of some articles that he had been publishing and scholarly journals to come and teach at the university of basil or ball in Switzerland, right at the edge where Switzerland and France, Germany all come together. And he had gone there. And just outside of ball, not too far away, um, in traction, Ricard, Lochner was living and nature would go out on the weekends and spend the weekends with Wagner and his new wife cozy mom, who was a character in her own, right, was an extremely precocious woman. She'd been the wife of a very famous conductor, Hans Von Buelow and had simply decided in her own arrogant way. That Wagner was the most spectacular human being of her time.
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And she would have him, man. So she just went and lived with them and had children by him and eventually obtained a separation and divorce, and eventually became cozy model, very precocious woman in every way. It was at this time that nature began to associate Wagner with ancient grace. He would go out every weekend and the happiest days of his life were spent in the Wagner household, that traction. And it occurred to him more and more that Wagner was in fact, a let's use the term. He was a reincarnation of Esq loss that Wagner was bringing back the ancient classic tragic drama of para Cleon grace for the Germany of their day. And that Wagner's operas were in fact poignantly, the cultural igniting pilot light that east keyless, his tragedies were for ancient graves. And so the birth of tragedy is dedicated to Ricard button and the full title.
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Then the birth of tragedy from the spirit of music becomes extremely pointed in the birth of tragedy. New Jay for the first time brings out a typology, which has become almost standard today. They tie apology, which separates men kind into two massive tendencies, one an Apollonian and one, a DMAC character that the Apollonian character seeks to impose form to generate pattern and have this pattern and form them create order and meaning format for life, for the earth, for the gods. And that opposed to this continuously always is the [inaudible] urge to be free, not to be netted by order not to be diced up and categorized by any kind of meaningfulness. And that the DMDC intendancy is the more prime origin is the more natural is in fact illustrative of what we would call reality. Whereas the Apollonian forms are illustrious of what we would call in the grandma's designation appearance.
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So that between appearance and reality between culture and naturalness, there comes from time to time, great gaps. And in this gap, there are come great individuals who by the lightening, integrative meaningfulness of their art bridge, the gap and caring man, back to his salvation, back to the [inaudible] original primal reality through an art form, which specifically is guaranteed to pull the plug on all art forms. That is a form which allows for its own demise, its own fading into the reality behind the formal mental cultural world of appearance. DJ, what in fact, worship Wagner for several years, hold him as the great artist of the age and have all kinds of expectations. And the fact that he found himself with a short fuse life, he knew he had just years to go. He tried to write in the birth of tragedy, the book, which would set up Ricard Wagner as the artistic hair of ancient Greece, reincarnated in Germany and Wagner would be that great philosophic, Clarion blowing the horn and alerting everyone to this fact.
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He in fact writes in the birth of tragedy, he writes in section five and in the big near the beginning, we are now approaching the central concern of our inquiry, which has as its name aim an understanding of the Dionysiac Apollonian spirit, or at least an intuitive comprehension of the mystery, which made this conjunction possible. Our first question must be where in the Greek world is the new seed first to be found, which was later to develop into tragedy and the dramatic dip, the ramp Greek antiquity gives us a pictorial clue when it represents in statues, on cameos, et cetera, Homer and Arcola side by side, as ancestors and Torchbearers of Greek poetry in the certainty that only these two are to be regarded as truly or original minds from who may stream of fire flowed onto the attire later. Well, Homer, the Hori, a dreamer caught an utter abstraction prototype of the Apollonian naive artists stairs in amazement at the passionate head of ARCA, Lyles soldierly, servant of the muses knocked about by fortune. He who represents, of course the Dionysian town nature will himself assume the name Dionysius. And towards the end of he has rational life more and more as he found himself compelled both physiologically to let go both mentally, because he was literally disintegrating to let go and philosophically, because he was envisioning a grand from the sun and dental world vision to let himself go. He began signing his letters more and more. Instead of nature, he would sign them die in these scenes.
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When the break came little Italian say out, he saw a man whipping a horse and he broke into tears and he ran and thrust his arms around the horse and never stopped crying later when they took him to a physician's home in between the SOPs, he kept saying that he was famous throughout time throughout history. And he was to set man free from himself. And of course they thought he was crazy. Wagner became a test case
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Four,
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The way in which the mine seeks in its grandest strategy to make a form, to approach reality, not a form Apollonian in purpose, but a form Apollonian only in design that it's strategic purpose beyond the tactical design is to release me. Yeah. To let him go to let him be free, to let him gain the Heights. He on a book often published with the birth of tragedy called the case of Wagner nature rights. Let us remember that. Wagner was young at the time, Hagle and shelling seduced men, spirits that he guessed that he grasped with his very hands. The only thing the Germans take seriously, the idea, which is to say something that is obscure, uncertain full of intimations, but among Germans, clarity is an objection, logic, a refutation harshly Schopenhauer accused the epic of Hagle and showing up dishonesty harshly also wrongly. He himself, the old pessimistic counterfeiter was not a Whitmore honest than his most famous contemporaries.
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Let us keep morals out of this. Hagle is a taste and not merely a German, but a European taste. It tastes Wagner comprehended to which he felt equal, which he in mortal lives. He merely applied it to music. He invented a style for himself charged with infinite, meaning he became the air of Hagle music as idea. And then the lecture that we did on Wagner, I think we were able to display and show the grand strategy of hog winners, a miraculous art form, the bringing together all arts into one massive mother for, and the development of that mother form to an archetypal universal tapestry against which man could play his insides, play his ideas, his archetypes out onto this grand screen and see dramatically what he was like inside to create a projective world screen of operatic theater, drama, bringing music and drama and words and language, poetry, architecture, and everything into one grand scene. They built a special theater for this at, by rise in the early 1870s. And when nichey went up to buy rice, he saw that wonderful friend Bognor was
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Changing.
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He was no longer they, the lovable lionized, great artists, but he was becoming a cultural magician. Tunisia was prostituting, not only his art, but the entire responsibility ethically given to them across the ages. They were entrusted with the sacred duty and Wagner was prostituting. Why would he do this? It must be because of his wife. It must be because of constant mind. What is she doing? Nietzsche? What try and think this through what is happening. I'm here. He is saying in the midst of the most important happening in 2,500 years, and it's going down the drain. What does this woman want? She wants to take Wagner away from the classical Greek ideal and return him to a kind of an ambiguous mystical Christian ideal, which exists in the mind only does not even obtain in history, not a Christianity of Christ, not a Christianity, even of history, but a Christianity of German idealistic speculation.
(34:12):
Okay. Hardly stomach the situation. In fact, his letters at this time record vomiting for days on end migraine headaches that would not quit. And he could no longer tell after 1875 or there was something physiologically manifesting, but it was something mentally manifesting, whether it was something archetypally happening to him on a grand scale. And he finally gave up trying to draw these lines to make these distinctions. And for nature, he was simply showcased in world history for all time and that his physiological life, his spiritual inner life and the cosmic unfolding of history, we're all one thing that there was only one existentially present man in his own time. And it was, he, he was the point that the pen of writing reality. And so when he saw Wagner becoming the cultural showcase, the sort of carnival master for all these demo, taze Neisha took umbrage.
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And he realized
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That if the grand master has been seduced, at least he is left free. So he will do the
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Job. He will create some, um,
(35:43):
Form of deliverance format. It was at this time that nature began to talk seriously about man being a passing phase, that there was a reality that we are, um, mankind is only a stage on the way and that we have to learn to overcome man in order to be what we really awkward in this nature. Again, then to single out all of the cultural flaws that made possible the seduction of what we would call every day life. Well, we would call everyday people even to the extent of being able to seduce a mastermind. Like he always maintained that Boston was a mastermind, but he had been seduced by the culture of the time. And so nichey began them to use his tremendous intellectual powers. She has great compositional writing power trained on classical Greek. Good, right, beautiful prose. He began and to try to dissolve all of the forms of Western civilization.
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And so his books become after 1876, a concerted barrage, an attack. He calls himself a warrior, a grand Laurier of the reality behind a man seeking to dissolve effectively once and for all the entire cage of culture, which has kept man in a seductive kind of a whorehouse of history. Now he will be freed from this. And so all of our runners, writings of nature, his writings begin to lean towards this back. Then he will in fact discover for himself just as he has made up his mind, that it seems that fate and history are totally against him. He discovers that he's starting to go blind. In fact, in 1879, he had to resign his professorship had accepted a very small pension because he could no longer see, he could no longer think. And he thought perhaps tragically that his time had come premature. He didn't know.
(38:16):
He felt in fact, like a shadow anyway, cards that he went home, he went back to the house of women. He went back to where his mother was alive, where his sister was the same nightmarish environment that has a little, he had struggled to be free. And the profit of the Superman went back there because he was totally in capacity. And you spent a year as a shadow. He let her would write in a very poignant phrase and thus spoke Zarathustra. He would give an incredible, uh, image of this kind of, um, uh, mentality. He would say, behold, I show you the ultimate man, what is love? What is creation? What is longing? What is a star thus asked the ultimate man and blanks, the earth has become small. And upon it hops the ultimate man who makes everything small. His race is as inextricable as the fleet. The ultimate man lives longest. We have discovered happiness, say the ultimate men and blink. They have left the places where living was hard for one needs. Warmth. One still loves one's neighbor and rubs oneself against him for one needs, warm sickness and mistrust counted sins with them. One should go about wearily. He is a fool who still stumbles over stones or over men, a little poison now. And then that produces pleasant dreams and a lot of poison that lasts for a pleasant death.
(40:06):
So in this tone,
(40:10):
We gain the feeling that nature is bringing, uh, to himself. And he records later on one of his works, thinking back to the time when he was just a shack. And he writes that at the death of the Buddha, okay. There was a legend that his shadow remained in a cave for centuries. And that only very slowly did this shadow disappear, that the impress of the mountain was so great that it left this, uh, quality, this negativity, which was in fact not the averse of existence, but was the underline. Nothing of reality, ha found himself absolutely destitute. And then slowly his sight came back slowly. He began to realize that he had an extension of life. And when nature came out of it, he wrote a book which is entitled in its English translation. Daybreak. It's usually called Dawn, but in this translation is called daybreak.
(41:30):
And at the very end of daybreak in the 575th section, he writes this, we are aeronautics of the spirit, all those brave birds, which fly out into the distance, into the furthest distance. It is certain somewhere or other. They will be unable to go on and will perch on a master, a bear cliff face. And they will even be thankful for this miserable accommodation, but who could venture to infer from that, that there was not an immense space before them, that they had flown. As far as one could fly all our great teachers and predecessors have at last come to a stop. And it is not with the noblest or most graceful of gestures that weariness comes to a stop. It will be the same with you, you
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And me,
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But what does that matter to you and me other birds will fly farther. This insight and faith of ours, vies with them and flying up in a way it rises above our heads and above our impotence into the Heights, from which their surveys, the distance, and before at the flocks of birds, which are far stronger than we still strive, whether we have striven and where everything is C, C, C. And whether then would we go, would we cross the sea where there does this mighty longing draws, this longing that is worth more to us than any pleasure. I just, in this direction, there were all the sons of humanity have hitherto gone down, will it pretty hops be said of us one day that we to steering westward hope to reach some India, but that it was our fate to be wrecked against infancy entity. Oh my brothers. Well, let's take a little break and then we'll come back.

END OF SIDE ONE

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I put on the board names of individuals who are important in the life of, um, of, um, nature. And if we don't get to them all, it's just simply because I do not lecture from how written texts. I try to compose the material on the spot for you, but I'm convinced that that has an efficacy of form. And, um, I try to engrave the present with the actuality. Um, there are limitations, not only for forum, but for myself too. Obviously we've been taking the entire history of the west from Homer to the present day. We've been moving patiently for years now, person by person. And I try also to keep ideational histories out of the picture to present as accurately as I may, the impression of the person who was, it says how they saw themselves, their mission, if you wish their purpose. And we have been moving now through several hundreds of individuals. And so when we come to, uh, individuals who are important to us, um, and our lives, we do not like to see them in this handle, but the purposes here are very large, very strategic, and always the concern is to keep the honesty of a single voice in a single mind, giving us personal developments of man is the only guy that we have because when we get into our own time, there's no way to tell where we are, who we are by any kind of ideational computation. We think it's 1984, what's that.
(01:56):
And we can go on from that nature had a kind of lovable sincerity to him, which does not come out in normal biographies. He was an exquisitely tender individual, and he had a great love of his life. She was young at the time, Lou Salamay who led her, would marry and become little Andreas selling. He wanted to more than anything, settled down to have a place for himself to have a life. It was tragic in the extreme to realize that he could not do this. There are reports always. What does the man do? What is the sexuality line reports? You checked going off to peasant girls from time to time and discriminate against all of this mothering, the great and other than truth, that has a septic line of the imposition of a tragic realization upon him as a man, as a feeling individual. And it came poignantly to a head early in 1882, Louis Salamay 20 years younger than he was at the time he was in his late thirties, nearly 38.
(03:43):
She was a brilliant intellectual genius. She became a very fine writer in the 19th century. She was also very peculiar lady. She in fact remained virginal up until her late twenties. Her desire was to participate in the life of man as an equal. And her openness was in this scene at the time. She, in fact did not have a real love affair until the late 1890s. When she met the younger Ranier, Maria Rilke, the great poet when she was still a young, bright, brash woman, late adolescent years. And they met her. She occurred to him as the lovable companion.
(04:48):
She was someone to whom he could talk and highest levels. She would be the most likable disciple for him. And he turned over in his mind, many times the possibility of a marriage that could not be, he could not carry his tragedy to her. They spent some time together. He had a mountain resort and he just, uh, sister Elizabeth accompany. Then my sister, who was about 15 years older than Lou tried to become a school teacher, elder woman to live, who just laughed at her. She could talk on a par with nature as grand, as flights of ideas. He was at home. She was free lady and digital up there. And in order to medicate, they crushing realization that now he would never marry. He would never have the life proper too. On that. He tried to convince her to see, and his friend, a certain raise, they all the qualities, which he would hope that she would have found in him, but she didn't care much for me. She liked to talk with him and he was a, uh, an acquaintance, but there wasn't much for her with him. So she went on her way. He never saw her again. Lou Salamay and cozy Wagner were the two women that most struck him as being the figures, the new kind of woman Harbinger's of the new kind of man. That must surely be over her eyes and we can't see him yet. He must be there. He'll be coming and you'll need a new world. Wagner for him was a turning point.
(07:12):
He says, in an epilogue to the case of ordinary, he says, let us recover our breath in the end, by getting away for a moment from the narrow world, to which every question about the worth of persons condemns the spirit. The philosopher feels the need to wash his hands after having dealt so long. With the case of Wagner, I offer my conception of what is modern. And we skipped over to the very last two paragraphs. What is modern? One looks at Zane for more valuable, more necessary opposites, but such falseness is that a buyer is no exception today. We are all familiar with that anesthetic concept of the Christian junker, such innocence among opposites, such a good conscience is in a lie and actually as modern par, excellent. It almost defines my during the tea, biologically modern manner represents a contradiction of values. He sits between two chairs.
(08:29):
He says, yes and no in the same breath. Is it any wonder that precisely in our times fault? So that self has become flesh and even genius that Wagner dwelled among us. It was not without reason that I called [inaudible] Darren at GE, all of us have unconsciously and voluntarily in our bodies, values words, formulas, morality, so opposite to scent. We are physiologically considered false diagnosis with the modern soul. Where would it begin with a resolute incision into this instinctive contradiction with the isolation of its opposite. Now he is with the vivisection of the most instructive case. The case of Wagner is for the philosopher, a windfall, this essay as inspired as you hear by graph too.
(09:38):
So he learned from the master drawl and he learned the responsibility after the episode with Lou, someone may and after the episode of becoming a shadow in his own life and emerging nature entered into a new period. The last six years of nature, his wife are truly a heroine task to unravel the books that came out are so poignant that they stood all strike the cards of anxiety and hope today in the very preface to Dawn or daybreak, he wrote in this book, you will discover a subterranean man at work. One who tunnels and minds and undermine. You will see him presupposing. You have eyes capable of seeing this work in the depths going forward slowly, cautiously, gently inexorable without betraying very much of the distress, which any protected deprivation of light and air must entail. You might even call him contented, working there in the dark, be silent to something. One completely unlearned. If like him. One has been for so long, a solitary mole.
(11:13):
And at the very beginning of book one, and there were five books in daybreak. I just give you one paragraph, supplemental rationality, all things that live long are gradually so saturated with reason that there are a gin and unreason thereby becomes improbable. Okay. Does not almost every precise history of an origination impress our feelings as paradoxical and wantonly offensive. Does the good historian, not at bottom constantly contradict. And so with daybreak, nichey began again, this time could cert all right, we are limited and have only so much time. We have only so much energy. We can just read a few hours before the migraines come before the tremendous Vertigos began racking our system. Before we realize that we are all alone, there is no help. There are no real friends. One has a correspondence. He kept up a correspondence with over that gun was stolen in his life.
(12:30):
His sister married someone for whom they Clarion call was a brutal antisemitism. And Nicha took such umbrage to this association of his name, with such a despicable distortion that he almost disowned his sister. They moved to Parkway hoping to be in a small colony there. And nature had hopes that perhaps this new landscape would bring them back, but they colonized the experience, but opened them up. And then he found out that it was a completely reactionary colony, and they were just breeding hatred for themselves. A lot of the distortions of Nicha later in the 20th century come from his sister who took care of him the last 11 years of his life, who edited a lot of his works, who re edited a lot of his works, who left things out.
(13:35):
And when the national socialists began to look for some philosopher to lay the ideational structure for their particular brand of how to be victorious, they took many of the cutouts snippet versions of nature, especially his notebooks, which were very handily put together in certain farms to reveal that need Shay was on their side. Many of the distortions still exist almost to our own day. It's only been in the last 10 years that we've had scholars, individuals who have gone back and re-read the material and brought nature back, exhumed him from the kind of intellectual morass into which his works were punched for nearly three quarters of a century. Many of his power, actually for the first time when one sees that these notebooks of nature were actually the workbooks out of which he would work with his. And very often he would write from back to front in his notebooks.
(14:55):
And sometimes he would write only on right-hand pages sometimes only in left-hand pages, sometimes writing in the margins, all of his works had to become like small aphoristic statements because he couldn't work for a long time continuous, like he couldn't lay these manuscripts out and work with the broad, beautiful prose. So he kept collections of thousands of statements. And apparently she has living presence was the overall purpose of designs of how to bring this together. And we know now by comparing his notebooks to some of the published works, that actually nature changed in the ordering the meaning of a great many statements, all of them pointed in quotable, but it's only when we see the massive scale, not the mosaic shifts, but the decoration on the whole edifice that we realize that we have before us a real 20th century man for home, his own existence is the only definite point at which he can move that all of his understanding comes to a halt in an ideational jungle.
(16:23):
If he pauses too long, if he stops to think too long, he next in salt in voluntarily his own habitual, almost predestined traps. And so in order to free himself, he must keep moving restlessly ever keep above tree line, keep up into the sparse spaces. And this means then that one has to go beyond the reach of opposites beyond the polarities that constantly nudge him without his even recognizing he's being nudged pulled cajole. Co-opted you name it? That we do it to ourselves because we are conditioned again and again, by the very circumstance in which we exist. We're drowned in a sea of history. We're suffocating by the mountain slides of culture. And the only way to get free is to go be on the above that, and so works like beyond good and evil coming out and Licia begins to try to assess part 40, the free spirit, everything profound and loves the mask.
(17:50):
The profoundest things of all hate even image in parable should not nothing less than the opposite, big, proper disguise under which the shame of a God that goes abroad. They a questionable question. It would be strange if some mistake or other had not already ventured to meditate, some such thing. There are occurrences of so delicate, the description that one does well to bury them and make them unrecognizable with a piece of coarseness. There are acts of love and extravagant mag Nemati after which nothing is more advisable than to take a stick and get the eyewitness of thrashing and sell to confuse his memory, the event. But the powerful work that came after realizing that life would no longer be for him, any kind of an order thus spoke Zarathustra. And the 22 sections of [inaudible] give us an insight constantly reminding us, but then something happened that silenced every mouth and fixed every eye.
(19:12):
In the meantime, of course, the tight rope Walker had begun his work. He had emerged from a little door and was proceeding across the rope that was stretched between two towers and dust hung over the people and the market square justice. He had reached the middle of his little chorus. The little door opened again, and a brightly dressed fellow like a buffoon sprang out and followed the former with rapid steps forward lane foot cried his Pearson voice forward, sluggard intruder, pallid face. Lest I tickle you with my heels. What are you doing here between towers? You belong in the tower. You should be locked up. You're blocking the way of a better man than you. And with each word, he came nearer and nearer to him. But when he was only a single pace behind him, there occurred the dreadful thing that silenced every house and fixed every night, he emitted a cry like a devil and sprang over the man standing in his path.
(20:15):
But the ladder when he saw his rival does triumph lost his head and the rope. He threw away his pole and thou faster than it like a vortex of legs and arms in the market square. And the people were like a sea in a stock. They flew apart in disorder, especially where the body would come crashing down. But sir booster remained still and the body fell quite close to him, badly injured, broken, but not yet dead. After a while, consciousness returned to the shattered man. And he saw his Arthur dealing beside him. What are you doing? Yes. That link I've known for a long time that the devil would trip me up. Now he's dragging me to have, are you trying to prevent you on my honor, friends said, Zarathustra, all you have spoken up does not exist. There is no devil. There is no pal.
(21:26):
Your soul will be dead even before your body. Therefore fear nothing anymore. The man looked up, Ms. Trustfully, if you were speaking the truth, he said, then I leave nothing. When I leave life, I am not much more than an animal, which has been taught to dance by blows and starvation. Not. So since you have made danger, your calling, there is nothing in that to despise. Now you perish through your calling. So I will bury you with my own hand. When Zarathustra had said this, the dying man replied no more emotion with his hand as if he sought, sir, Theaster's hand to thank him. We haven't time to go into the work, but you begin to get the town, just a paragraph from part three to give you some of the indelible poetic imagery, which nature now brings forth is power at composition at on Raveling, the ideational structures, which have taunted and be deviled man, especially in Germany in the 19th century, it was midnight when Zarathustra made his way over the Ridge of the island, so that he might arrive at the other shore with the early Dawn for there.
(22:55):
He meant a board ship for, there was a good Harbor at which foreign ships to like to drop anchor. They took on board many who wanted to leave the blissful islands and cross the sea. Now, as Arthur was climbing the mountain, he recalled as he went the many lonely wanderings he had made from the time of his youth and how many mountains in bridges and summits, he had all ready, climbed. I am a wander and a mountain climber. He said to his heart, I do not like the planes. And it seems I cannot sit still for long and whatever. May you have to count it to me as faking experience a wandering on the mountain climbing will be in it in the final analysis, what experiences only one.
(23:48):
And so book after book came out, Nicha bringing to bear and to focus all of his great talents and always behind him. They concerned with the largest structures of the age, the largest presentational forms always Faulkner holding a position of tutoring to him, even in absence. One of his last books finished just months before he passed on, was a play on the word, the title of the last of the ring series, instead of the dumber own, he used the term Goodson dumber. They philosopher of the man with the hammer and it's translated as the Twilight of the items. And in the Twilight of the idols, we read the mature they chain trying to pour torrentially out in a balanced prose, inspired for a vision of final days, the psychology of the orgy as an overflowing feeling of life and energy within which even pain acts as a stimulus provided me with the key to the concept of the tragic feeling, which was misunderstood as much by Aristotle, as it especially was by our pessimists tragedy is so far from providing evidence for pessimism among the Helen's.
(25:40):
And Schopenhauer says that it has to be considered the decisive repudiation of that idea and the counter verdict to it. Affirmation of life, even in its strangest and sternness problems now will to life rejoicing and its own exhaust stability through the sacrifice of its highest types. That is what I call the Dionysian. That is what I recognized as the bridge to the psychology of the tragic poet. Not so as to get rid of pity and terror, not so as to purify oneself of a dangerous emotion to them at discharge, it was Dustin Aristotle understood it, but beyond petty, beyond a terror to realize in oneself, the eternal joy of become that joy, which also joy to destruction. And with that, I return again to the place from which I set up the birth of tragedy was my first revaluation of all values. And with that, I, again, plants myself in the soil out of which I draw all that I will.
(27:03):
And can I, the last disciple of the philosopher, DME CS, I, the teacher of the eternal recurrence and for Nietzsche and the last three or four months of his Santa Fe, the overwhelming realization that it all happened before, again and again and again, and at the same people, the same circumstance, the same conditions reoccur internally that somewhere, the tragic vision of life, what is wrong with it is that this infinity of reoccurring is what man has to break out, get ran up and the doctoring himself up by acclimating himself to this or that aspect of it is paltry. But that's a sign of decadence that we are not to acclimate ourselves to life, to the appearances, to the forms, no matter how grand, no matter how poignant they're all wrong, fundamentally because none of them are in. So he writes in the forward to the anti Christ, which is the epitome in his mind of the anti form, the conditions under which one understands me and then necessarily understands me.
(28:41):
I know them all too. Well. One must be honest in intellectual matters to the point of harshness, to so much as endure my seriousness, my passion one must be accustomed to living on mountains, to see the wretched ephemeral chatter of politics and national egotism beneath what one must have become indifferent. One must never ask whether truth is useful or a fatality strength, which prefers questions for which no one today is sufficiently daring courage for the forbidden predestination for the elaborate had experienced out of seven solitudes new ears for new music, new eyes for the most distant things, a new conscience where truths, which have hitherto romaine totally dumb and the will to economy and the grand style to keeping one's energy. One's enthusiasm, inbounds, reverends for oneself, love for oneself, unconditional freedom with respect to oneself. Very well. These alone are my readers, my rightful readers, my predestined readers. What do the rest matter? The rest are merely again and again and again, man, the time trap one must be superior to mankind in force and loftiness of soul, even if necessary in contempt.
(30:23):
And so with nature there inters into Western thought, this explosive bomb mentality that all of reality must be comprehended in one enormous move of the individual, freed from all parents that must be done courageously. And this is the real wheel to power power of envisioning through the power of the Dionysiac freeing itself from all of the NES. And so DJ will say, what I dislike most is the dialectic, especially that of Socrates. It's that comfortable feeling that by our questioning, by creating these beautiful forms of questioning that we were arriving somewhere and we arriving nowhere, but we will be free where he says the older men and the Superman is coming and he will not be stopped by any of the forms. No matter mine with this explosiveness, the tributes to the 20th century began now to take on ominous storm cloud. It was one thing to have the Hagle. It was one thing to have a shopping or even a cure Kierkegaard. But now with nature, we have something new on horizon and it was indicative all that particular poignancy of the age and nature was not the only one thinking and grand eloquent terms of complete forms and contexts outside of them. And next week, we'll look at a grand woman who envisioned yet another way of seeing Madame Blavatsky hope so.

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